Conversational AI and psychosis: A technological folie à deux

Jinghui Huang, Douglas Yeung Leong, Siow Ann Chong, Mythily Subramaniam

March 2026

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) is a recent technological advancement that has become increasingly ubiquitous in its usage. Conversational AI, powered by large language models (LLMs) in particular, has opened many possibilities in psychiatry for providing psychoeducation, mental health support and even evidencebased therapy for people with mental health concerns. Despite its possible benefits, there are inherent limitations and dangers to this technology. In this commentary, the authors explore the possible link between psychosis and conversational AI with the use of a case illustration. The authors show how the sycophantic and excessively agreeable nature of LLMs, combined with its use of human-like language and capacity to generate inaccurate information, might collude with and reinforce delusional beliefs of a user with psychosis. Further research on the interaction between conversational AI and psychopathology would be essential in the process of incorporating such a powerful tool into clinical practice, and would aid in developing the necessary guidelines and safeguards to optimise its inevitable use, and minimise its abuse and untoward effects.

CITE

Huang J, Leong DY, Chong SA, Subramaniam M. Conversational AI and psychosis: A technological folie à deux. Ann Acad Med Singap. 2026 Mar 17;55(3):163-166. doi: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2025351.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41920760/